8020 HOT SPOT QUESTIONS | RELIABLE 8020 EXAM BOOTCAMP

8020 Hot Spot Questions | Reliable 8020 Exam Bootcamp

8020 Hot Spot Questions | Reliable 8020 Exam Bootcamp

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PRMIA ORM Certificate - 2023 Update Sample Questions (Q40-Q45):

NEW QUESTION # 40
In the Basel III standardized approach for operational risk, what is the Business Indicator?

  • A. It is a financial-statement-based proxy for operational risk.
  • B. It is a non-financial-statement-based proxy for operational risk.
  • C. It is a scaling factor that is based on a bank's average historical losses.
  • D. It is a proxy for operational risks that relate to near-miss events.

Answer: A

Explanation:
Step 1: Definition of the Business Indicator (BI) in Basel III
The Business Indicator (BI) is a financial-statement-based metric used in Basel III's Standardized Approach for Operational Risk.
It replaces previous approaches by using financial figures (e.g., revenue, fees, interest income) to estimate operational risk exposure.
Step 2: Why Option D Is Correct
The BI uses financial-statement data to calculate operational risk capital requirements.
It acts as a proxy for a bank's operational risk exposure by linking operational risk to its financial size and complexity.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Proxy for near-miss events") → Incorrect because BI is based on financial data, not near-miss risk events.
Option B ("Non-financial-statement-based proxy") → Incorrect because BI is explicitly derived from financial statements.
Option C ("Scaling factor based on historical losses") → Incorrect because BI does not use historical losses directly-it relies on financial-statement inputs.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
Basel III Operational Risk Framework - Defines the Business Indicator as a financial-statement-based metric.
PRMIA Operational Risk Guidelines - Explains the BI's role in capital calculations.


NEW QUESTION # 41
The acronym ESG can stand for:

  • A. Enhanced Social Governance.
  • B. Environmental. Strategy, and corporate Governance.
  • C. Environmental. Social and corporate Governance.
  • D. Extra Social Governance.

Answer: C

Explanation:
Step 1: Definition of ESG
ESG (Environmental, Social, and Corporate Governance) refers to the three core factors used to evaluate a company's sustainability and ethical impact.
ESG is now a key part of risk management, influencing investment decisions, regulatory compliance, and corporate strategy.
Step 2: Breakdown of ESG Components
Environmental (E): Climate change, carbon emissions, resource management.
Social (S): Diversity & inclusion, labor rights, community engagement.
Governance (G): Board structure, executive pay, corporate ethics.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("Environmental, Strategy, and Corporate Governance")
Incorrect because Strategy is not part of ESG.
Option C ("Enhanced Social Governance")
Incorrect because ESG covers more than just social governance.
Option D ("Extra Social Governance")
Incorrect as it does not align with the recognized ESG definition.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA ESG Risk Management Guidelines - Defines ESG factors as Environmental, Social, and Governance.
PRI (Principles for Responsible Investment) - Aligns ESG with financial risk management.


NEW QUESTION # 42
What are the roles of business versus risk management in developing and implementing risk assessments?

  • A. Business owns the risk assessment process so risk management does not play a role in the process.
  • B. Business management's role in the risk assessment process should be confined to oversight.
  • C. The business owns the risk assessment process, while risk management develops the framework, helps facilitate the process, and provides supervision and oversight.
  • D. Risk management, in its role as second line of defense, performs the risk assessment process from beginning to end. There is no business line involvement.

Answer: C

Explanation:
The Principles for Risk Governance, as established by PRMIA (Professional Risk Managers' International Association), emphasize the Three Lines of Defense (3LoD) Model, which is widely used in risk management and governance frameworks.
Business Line Ownership of Risk (First Line of Defense)
The business units are responsible for identifying, assessing, managing, and monitoring risks within their operations.
Since they generate the risks through their activities, they must own the risk assessment process.
This aligns with PRMIA Governance Principles, which state that risk management should be embedded within business operations to ensure proactive risk identification and control.
Risk Management's Role (Second Line of Defense)
The risk management function is not directly responsible for conducting risk assessments but plays a key role in designing and maintaining the risk assessment framework.
This includes setting standards, methodologies, and tools for assessing risks across business functions.
Risk management provides supervision and oversight, ensuring that risk assessments align with organizational policies and regulatory expectations.
Oversight from Senior Management & the Board (Third Line of Defense)
Internal audit (third line of defense) independently reviews and provides assurance that the risk management framework is effective and that risk assessments are conducted properly.
PRMIA's Risk Governance Standards emphasize that internal audit should evaluate the effectiveness of the risk assessment framework without being involved in its direct execution.
Why Other Answers Are Incorrect
Option
Explanation:
A . Risk management, in its role as second line of defense, performs the risk assessment process from beginning to end. There is no business line involvement.
Incorrect - Risk management facilitates and oversees the risk assessment process, but the business must take ownership of the risks it generates.
C . Business owns the risk assessment process so risk management does not play a role in the process.
Incorrect - While the business owns the process, risk management plays a crucial role in developing the framework, setting policies, and providing oversight.
D . Business management's role in the risk assessment process should be confined to oversight.
Incorrect - Business management is actively responsible for executing risk assessments, not just overseeing them.
PRMIA Reference for Verification
PRMIA Standards for Risk Governance - Establishes the Three Lines of Defense and the separation of responsibilities.
PRMIA Risk Management Framework (RMF) Guidelines - Defines the roles of business and risk management in risk assessment.
PRMIA Enterprise Risk Management Best Practices - Outlines how risk management facilitates risk assessments while the business retains ownership.
This answer is verified according to PRMIA's official risk governance documents and best practices. Would you like additional clarification or supporting documentation references?


NEW QUESTION # 43
For the FTX case study, what was the "backdoor" used for?

  • A. It allowed a rapid pace of acquisitions but poor integration of acquired companies.
  • B. It allowed trading firm Alameda to borrow S65 billion of clients' money from the exchange without their permission.
  • C. It allowed a stable coin to be removed from the ledger and added to the balance sheet.
  • D. It allowed currency traders to smooth profits and conceal losses for over two years.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The FTX collapse involved fraudulent fund mismanagement, where FTX executives created a "backdoor" to allow Alameda Research (FTX's sister trading firm) to borrow client funds without their consent.
Step 1: The "Backdoor" in FTX
The backdoor was a hidden code in FTX's system, allegedly created by Sam Bankman-Fried, which allowed Alameda to access customer deposits without triggering alerts to auditors or compliance teams.
Alameda used these funds for risky trading strategies and investments, leading to the eventual collapse of FTX when a liquidity crunch exposed the missing funds.
Step 2: Why the Other Options Are Incorrect
Option A ("allowed a stablecoin to be removed from the ledger and added to the balance sheet") Incorrect because FTX's fraud involved misuse of customer funds, not just a stablecoin misclassification.
Option C ("allowed currency traders to smooth profits and conceal losses for over two years") Incorrect because this sounds more like LIBOR-rigging scandals, whereas FTX misappropriated client funds.
Option D ("allowed a rapid pace of acquisitions but poor integration of acquired companies") Incorrect because FTX's collapse was due to financial fraud, not poor acquisition strategy.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Financial Crime Risk Management - Discusses insider risk and fraudulent misappropriation of funds.
FTX Collapse Reports - SEC, CFTC, and DOJ filings confirm that Alameda had unauthorized access to client funds.
Final Conclusion:
FTX's backdoor enabled Alameda to take $65 billion in client funds without permission, making Option B the correct answer.


NEW QUESTION # 44
Which of the following is not an action available to management and the governing body to align the strategy with Risk Capacity.

  • A. Improve retained earnings - by increasing net income or reducing dividends in order to increase risk capacity.
  • B. Improve quality of risks - pursue lower rewarding risks with better prospects.
  • C. Reduce scale of risks - shrink balance sheet or activity levels.
  • D. Reduce retained earning - by increasing dividends in order to return funds to investors and improve reputation.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Step 1: Aligning Strategy with Risk Capacity
Risk capacity is the maximum level of risk a firm can bear based on financial resources, earnings, and capital structure.
Management can adjust risk capacity by modifying risk exposure, balance sheet size, or earnings retention.
Step 2: Why Option C Is Incorrect
Increasing dividends reduces retained earnings, which lowers capital reserves and reduces risk capacity.
Firms seeking to improve risk capacity should retain earnings, not distribute them.
Step 3: Why the Other Options Are Correct
Option A ("Reduce scale of risks") → Correct as reducing balance sheet size lowers risk exposure.
Option B ("Improve quality of risks") → Correct as taking on lower-risk assets improves stability.
Option D ("Improve retained earnings") → Correct as more capital increases risk capacity.
PRMIA Risk Reference Used:
PRMIA Capital Management Framework - Defines risk capacity and earnings retention strategies.
Basel III Capital Standards - Stresses retained earnings as a key factor in risk capacity.
Final Conclusion:
Reducing retained earnings through dividends weakens risk capacity, making Option C the correct answer.


NEW QUESTION # 45
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